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Mikhail Mishustin Prime Minister. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about , from which modern Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. Fyodor Dostoevsky — , one of the great novelists of all time, whose masterpieces include Crime and Punishment []. Outline Category Portal. Admission to an institute of higher education is selective and highly competitive: [] first-degree courses usually take five years. Recognized territory of Russia is shown in dark green; claimed and disputed territory is shown in light green. Main article: Tourism in Russia. Grigori Perelman was offered the first ever Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award for his final proof of the Poincaré conjecture in , as well as the Fields Medal in The total length of common-used railway tracks is the world's third-longest , and exceeds 87, km 54, mi. Recognised minority language in.

Violations of human rights in Russia have been increasingly criticised by leading democracy and human rights groups. During the Soviet era, popular music also produced a number of renowned figures, such as the two balladeers — Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava , [] and performers such as Alla Pugacheva. Russia , other areas of the Russian-speaking world. The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Its land area could be roughly compared to that of South America. The law does not regulate private communication.

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Main article: Moscow dialect. Main articles: Russian literature and Russian philosophy. Simons; Charles D. Russia, by constitution, is a symmetric federal republic with a semi-presidential system , wherein the president is the head of state , [] and the prime minister is the head of government. These vowels have several allophones , which are displayed on the diagram to the right. The North Caucasus is ethno - linguistically diverse. In Tajikistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under the Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. An estimated , people speak the Russian language in Cuba, on the account that more than 23, Cubans who took higher studies in the former Soviet Union and later in Russia, and another important group of people who studied at military schools and technologists. Retrieved July 11, A separate private health insurance plan is needed to access private healthcare in Russia.

Russia | World | The Guardian

• Retrieved July 16,
• During and after the disintegration of the Soviet Russian, wide-ranging reforms including privatisation and market and trade liberalisation were undertaken, Russian, including radical changes along the lines of " shock therapy ".
• Krakow: Polska Akademia Umieje ̨tno ́sci.
• Russian has preserved an Indo-European synthetic - inflectional structure, although considerable leveling has Russian.

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. There are several words in Russian which translate to "Russians" in English. According to the Primary Chronicle , the word Rus' is derived from the Rus' people , who were a Swedish tribe, and where the three original members of the Rurikid dynasty came from. The first human settlement on Russia dates back to the Oldowan period in the early Lower Paleolithic.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Russian languageRussian, spoken primarily in Russia. It Russian the native language of the Russian and belongs to the Indo-European language premium.pampers.newborn. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure Russian official language of the former Soviet Union, Russian. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary Gryzak Mushie 2560471 and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds.

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See also: Moscow, third Rome.